1So the Lord said to Moses: “See, I have made you as God to Pharaoh, and Aaron your brother shall be your prophet.

2You shall speak all that I command you. And Aaron your brother shall tell Pharaoh to send the children of Israel out of his land.

3And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.

4But Pharaoh will not heed you, so that I may lay My hand on Egypt and bring My 7:4 hostsarmies and My people, the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.

5And the Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord, when I stretch out My hand on Egypt and bring out the children of Israel from among them.”

6Then Moses and Aaron did so; just as the Lord commanded them, so they did.

7And Moses was eighty years old and Aaron eighty-three years old when they spoke to Pharaoh.

8Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying,

9“When Pharaoh speaks to you, saying, ‘Show a miracle for yourselves,’ then you shall say to Aaron, ‘Take your rod and cast it before Pharaoh, and let it become a serpent.’ ”

10So Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh, and they did so, just as the Lord commanded. And Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh and before his servants, and it became a serpent.

11But Pharaoh also called the wise men and the 7:11 soothsayerssorcerers; so the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their 7:11 secret artsenchantments.

12For every man threw down his rod, and they became serpents. But Aaron’s rod swallowed up their rods.

13And Pharaoh’s heart grew hard, and he did not heed them, as the Lord had said.

14So the Lord said to Moses: “Pharaoh’s heart is hard; he refuses to let the people go.

15Go to Pharaoh in the morning, when he goes out to the water, and you shall stand by the river’s bank to meet him; and the rod which was turned to a serpent you shall take in your hand.

16And you shall say to him, ‘The Lord God of the Hebrews has sent me to you, saying, “Let My people go, that they may 7:16 worshipserve Me in the wilderness”; but indeed, until now you would not hear!

17Thus says the Lord: “By this you shall know that I am the Lord. Behold, I will strike the waters which are in the river with the rod that is in my hand, and they shall be turned to blood.

18And the fish that are in the river shall die, the river shall stink, and the Egyptians will loathe7:18 be weary of drinking to drink the water of the river.” ’ ”

19Then the Lord spoke to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Take your rod and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt, over their streams, over their rivers, over their ponds, and over all their pools of water, that they may become blood. And there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in buckets of wood and pitchers of stone.’ ”

20And Moses and Aaron did so, just as the Lord commanded. So he lifted up the rod and struck the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh and in the sight of his servants. And all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

21The fish that were in the river died, the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink the water of the river. So there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt.

22Then the magicians of Egypt did so with their 7:22 secret artsenchantments; and Pharaoh’s heart grew hard, and he did not heed them, as the Lord had said.

23And Pharaoh turned and went into his house. Neither was his heart moved by this.

24So all the Egyptians dug all around the river for water to drink, because they could not drink the water of the river.

25And seven days passed after the Lord had struck the river.