1Again, I observed all the acts of oppression being done under the sun. Jb 35:9; Ec 3:16; 5:8 Look at the tears of those who are oppressed; they have no one to comfort them. Power is with those who oppress them; they have no one to comfort them.

2So I admired the dead, Jb 3:11-26 who have already died, more than the living, who are still alive.

3But better than either of them is the one who has not yet existed, Ec 6:3; Lk 23:29 who has not seen the evil activity that is done under the sun.

4I saw that all labor and all skillful work is due to a man’s jealousy of his friend. 1Sm 18:9; Ec 2:21; Ac 13:45; 2Co 12:20 This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind. Ec 1:14

7Again, I saw futility under the sun:

8There is a person without a companion, Lit person, but there is not a second, without even a son or brother, and though there is no end to all his struggles, his eyes are still not content with riches. Pr 27:20; Ec 1:8; 5:10 “So who am I struggling for,” he asks, “and depriving myself from good? ” This too is futile and a miserable task.

9Two are better than one because they have a good reward for their efforts.

10For if either falls, his companion can lift him up; but pity the one who falls without another to lift him up.

11Also, if two lie down together, they can keep warm; but how can one person alone keep warm? 1Kg 1:1-4

12And if someone overpowers one person, two can resist him. A cord of three strands is not easily broken.

13Better is a poor but wise youth than an old but foolish king who no longer pays attention to warnings. Ec 9:15

14For he came from prison to be king, Gn 41:14,41-43 even though he was born poor in his kingdom.

15I saw all the living, who move about under the sun, follow Lit with a second youth who succeeds him.

16There is no limit to all the people who were before them, yet those who come later will not rejoice in him. This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind. Ec 1:14