6Joseph and all his brothers and all that generation eventually died.1:6 Gn 50:26

7But the Israelites were fruitful, increased rapidly, multiplied, and became extremely numerous1:7 Gn 12:2; 46:3; Dt 26:5; Ac 7:17 so that the land was filled with them.

8A new king, who did not know about Joseph, came to power in Egypt.

9He said to his people, “Look, the Israelite people are more numerous and powerful than we are.1:9 Ps 105:24

10Come, let’s deal shrewdly with them; otherwise they will multiply further, and when war breaks out, they will join our enemies, fight against us, and leave the country.”1:10 Ps 83:3–4; Ac 7:19

11So the Egyptians assigned taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor.1:11 Gn 15:13; Ex 2:11; 3:7; 5:4–5; 6:6; Dt 26:6 They built Pithom and Rameses as supply cities1:11 Gn 47:11; 1Kg 9:19; 2Ch 8:4 for Pharaoh.

12But the more they oppressed them, the more they multiplied and spread so that the Egyptians came to dread1:12 Or Egyptians loathed the Israelites.

13They worked the Israelites ruthlessly1:13 Dt 4:20

14and made their lives bitter with difficult labor in brick and mortar and in all kinds of fieldwork. They ruthlessly imposed all this work on them.1:14 Ex 2:23; Nm 20:15; Ac 7:19

15The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives — the first, whose name was Shiphrah, and the second, whose name was Puah — 

16“When you help the Hebrew women give birth, observe them as they deliver. If the child is a son, kill him, but if it’s a daughter, she may live.”

17The midwives, however, feared God1:17 Ex 1:21; Pr 16:6 and did not do as the king of Egypt had told them;1:17 Dn 3:16–18; Ac 4:18–20; 5:29 they let the boys live.

18So the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, “Why have you done this and let the boys live?”

19The midwives said to Pharaoh, “The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women, for they are vigorous and give birth before the midwife can get to them.”1:19 Jos 2:4; 2Sm 17:20

20So God was good to the midwives,1:20 Pr 11:18; Is 3:10 and the people multiplied and became very numerous.

21Since the midwives feared God, he gave them families.1:21 1Sm 2:35; 2Sm 7:11,27; 1Kg 11:38; Ps 127:1

22Pharaoh then commanded all his people, “You must throw every son born to the Hebrews into the Nile, but let every daughter live.”1:22 Gn 41:1; Ac 7:19