Aa
The Gospel of God for Rome
1Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called as an apostle1:1 Or Jesus, a called apostle1:1 1Co 1:1; 9:1; 2Co 1:1 and set apart1:1 Ac 9:15; 13:2; Gl 1:15 for the gospel of God1:1 Mk 1:14 — 
2which he promised beforehand1:2 Ti 1:2 through his prophets1:2 Lk 1:70; Rm 3:21; 16:26 in the Holy Scriptures — 
3concerning his Son, Jesus Christ our Lord, who was a descendant of David1:3 Lit was of the seed of David1:3 Mt 1:1 according to the flesh1:3 Jn 1:14; Rm 4:1; 9:3,5; 1Co 10:18
4and was appointed to be the powerful1:4 Ac 10:38; 13:33; 17:31; 26:23 Son of God1:4 Mt 4:3 according to the Spirit of holiness1:4 Or the spirit of holiness, or the Holy Spirit by the resurrection of the dead.
5Through him we have received grace and apostleship1:5 Ac 1:25; Gl 1:16 to bring about1:5 Or him for; lit him into the obedience1:5 Ac 6:7; Rm 16:26 of faith for the sake of his name among all the Gentiles,1:5 Or nations, also in v. 131:5 Ac 9:15
6including you who are also called by Jesus Christ.1:6 Jd 1; Rv 17:14
7To all who are in Rome, loved by God,1:7 Rm 5:5; 8:39; 1Th 1:4 called1:7 Rm 8:28; 1Co 1:24 as saints.1:7 1Co 1:2–4
Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
Paul’s Desire to Visit Rome
8First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you because the news of your faith1:8 Or because your faith is being reported in all the world.1:8 Rm 16:19
9God is my witness,1:9 Rm 9:1; 2Co 1:23; 11:31; Php 1:8; 1Th 2:5,10 whom I serve with my spirit1:9 2Tm 1:3 in telling the good news about his Son — that I constantly mention you,1:9 Eph 1:16; Php 1:3–5; 1Th 1:2; 2Tm 1:3; Phm 4
10always asking in my prayers that if it is somehow in God’s will, I may now at last succeed in coming to you.1:10 Ac 18:21; Rm 15:32
11For I want very much to see you,1:11 Ac 19:21; Rm 15:23 so that I may impart to you some spiritual gift to strengthen you,
12that is, to be mutually encouraged by each other’s faith, both yours and mine.
13Now I don’t want you to be unaware,1:13 1Co 10:1; 11:3 brothers and sisters, that I often planned to come to you (but was prevented until now1:13 Ac 19:21) in order that I might have a fruitful ministry1:13 Lit have some fruit among you,1:13 Jn 4:36; Rm 15:16; Php 1:22; Col 1:6 just as I have had among the rest of the Gentiles.
14I am obligated both to Greeks and barbarians,1:14 Or non-Greeks1:14 Ac 28:2 both to the wise and the foolish.
15So I am eager to preach the gospel1:15 Rm 15:20; 1Co 9:16 to you also who are in Rome.
The Righteous Will Live by Faith
16For I am not ashamed of the gospel,1:16 Other mss add of Christ1:16 2Tm 1:8,12,16 because it is the power of God for salvation1:16 1Co 1:18,24 to everyone who believes, first to the Jew,1:16 Ac 3:26; Rm 2:9 and also to the Greek.1:16 Jn 7:35
17For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith,1:17 Or revealed out of faith into faith1:17 Rm 3:21; 9:30; Php 3:9 just as it is written: The righteous will live by faith.1:17 Or The one who is righteous by faith will live1:17Hab 2:41:17 Hab 2:4; Gl 3:11; Heb 10:38
The Guilt of the Gentile World
18For God’s wrath1:18 Rm 5:9; Eph 5:6; Col 3:6 is revealed from heaven against all godlessness and unrighteousness of people who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth,1:18 2Th 2:6–10
19since what can be known1:19 Or what is known about God is evident among them,1:19 Ac 14:17; 17:24–27 because God has shown it to them.
20For his invisible attributes, that is, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen since the creation of the world,1:20 Mk 10:6 being understood through what he has made.1:20 Jb 12:7–9; Ps 19:1–6; Jr 5:21–22 As a result, people are without excuse.
21For though they knew God, they did not glorify him as God or show gratitude. Instead, their thinking became worthless, and their senseless hearts were darkened.1:21 2Kg 17:15; Jr 2:5; Eph 4:17–20
22Claiming to be wise, they became fools1:22 Jr 10:14; 1Co 1:20
23and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man, birds, four-footed animals, and reptiles.1:23 Ps 106:20; Jr 2:11; Ac 17:29
24Therefore God delivered them over in the desires of their hearts1:24 Eph 2:3; 4:19 to sexual impurity, so that their bodies were degraded among themselves.
25They exchanged the truth of God for a lie,1:25 Is 44:20; Jr 10:14; 13:25; 16:19 and worshiped and served what has been created instead of the Creator, who is praised forever.1:25 Rm 9:5; 2Co 11:31 Amen.
From Idolatry to Depravity
26For this reason God delivered them over to disgraceful passions.1:26 1Th 4:5 Their women1:26 Lit females, also in v. 27 exchanged natural sexual relations1:26 Lit natural use, also in v. 27 for unnatural ones.
27The men1:27 Lit males, also later in v. in the same way also left natural relations with women and were inflamed in their lust for one another. Men committed shameless acts with men1:27 Lv 18:22; 20:13; 1Co 6:9 and received in their own persons1:27 Or in themselves the appropriate penalty of their error.
28And because they did not think it worthwhile to acknowledge God, God delivered them over to a corrupt mind so that they do what is not right.
29They are filled with all unrighteousness,1:29 Other mss add sexual immorality evil, greed, and wickedness. They are full of envy, murder, quarrels, deceit, and malice. They are gossips,1:29 2Co 12:20
30slanderers, God-haters, arrogant, proud, boastful,1:30 Ps 5:5 inventors of evil, disobedient to parents,1:30 2Tm 3:2
31senseless, untrustworthy, unloving,1:31 Other mss add unforgiving1:31 2Tm 3:3 and unmerciful.
32Although they know God’s just sentence — that those who practice such things deserve to die1:32 Lit things are worthy of death1:32 Rm 6:21 — they not only do them, but even applaud1:32 Lit even take pleasure in1:32 Lk 11:48; Ac 8:1; 22:20 others who practice them.