Opposition to Rebuilding the Temple
1When the enemies of Judah and Benjamin4:1 Neh 2:19–20 heard that the returned exiles4:1 Lit the sons of the exile4:1 Ezr 1:11; 2:1 were building a temple for the Lord, the God of Israel,
2they approached Zerubbabel and the family heads and said to them, “Let us build with you, for we also worship your God and have been sacrificing to him4:2 Alt Hb tradition reads have not been sacrificing since the time King Esar-haddon of Assyria brought us here.”4:2 2Kg 17:24,27–32; 19:37; Is 37:38
3But Zerubbabel, Jeshua, and the other heads of Israel’s families answered them, “You may have no part with us in building a house for our God,4:3 Neh 2:20 since we alone will build it for the Lord, the God of Israel, as King Cyrus, the king of Persia has commanded us.”4:3 Ezr 1:1–4
4Then the people who were already in the land4:4 Lit people of the land, also in v. 6 discouraged4:4 Lit weakened the hands of the people of Judah and made them afraid4:4 Ezr 3:3 to build.
5They also bribed officials to act against them to frustrate their plans4:5 Neh 6:12–13; 13:2 throughout the reign of King Cyrus of Persia and until the reign of King Darius of Persia.4:5 Ezr 5:5; 6:1
Opposition to Rebuilding the City
9From Rehum4:9 Lit Then Rehum the chief deputy, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their colleagues — the judges and magistrates4:9 Or ambassadors from Tripolis, Persia, Erech, Babylon, Susa4:9 Neh 1:1; Est 1:2; Dn 8:2 (that is, the people of Elam),4:9 Aramaic obscure
10and the rest of the peoples whom the great and illustrious Ashurbanipal4:10 Lit Osnappar deported and settled in the cities of Samaria4:10 2Kg 17:24 and the region west of the Euphrates River.4:10–11 Ezr 4:16–17,20
11This is the text of the letter they sent to him:
To King Artaxerxes from your servants, the men from the region west of the Euphrates River:
12Let it be known to the king that the Jews who came from you have returned to us at Jerusalem. They are rebuilding that rebellious and evil city, finishing its walls, and repairing its foundations.
13Let it now be known to the king that if that city is rebuilt and its walls are finished,4:13 Ezr 4:16,21; Neh 1:3 they will not pay tribute, duty, or land tax,4:13 Ezr 4:20; 7:24 and the royal revenue4:13 Aramaic obscure will suffer.
14Since we have taken an oath of loyalty to the king,4:14 Lit have eaten the salt of the palace and it is not right for us to witness his dishonor, we have sent to inform the king
15that a search should be made in your predecessors’ record books.4:15 Ezr 5:17; 6:1 In these record books you will discover and verify that the city is a rebellious city, harmful to kings and provinces. There have been revolts in it since ancient times. That is why this city was destroyed.
16We advise the king that if this city is rebuilt and its walls are finished, you will not have any possession west of the Euphrates.
Artaxerxes’s Reply
17The king sent a reply to his chief deputy Rehum, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their colleagues living in Samaria and elsewhere in the region west of the Euphrates River:
Greetings.
18The letter you sent us has been translated and read4:18 Or been read clearly4:18 Neh 8:8 in my presence.
19I issued a decree and a search was conducted. It was discovered that this city has had uprisings against kings since ancient times, and there have been rebellions and revolts in it.
20Powerful kings have also ruled over Jerusalem and exercised authority over the whole region west of the Euphrates River, and tribute, duty, and land tax were paid to them.
21Therefore, issue an order for these men to stop, so that this city will not be rebuilt until a further decree has been pronounced by me.4:21 Neh 2:5,7–8
22See that you not neglect this matter. Otherwise, the damage will increase and the royal interests4:22 Lit the kings will suffer.
23As soon as the text of King Artaxerxes’s letter was read to Rehum, Shimshai the scribe, and their colleagues,4:23 Ezr 4:8–10,17 they immediately went to the Jews in Jerusalem and forcibly stopped them.
Rebuilding of the Temple Resumed
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