1Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus1:1 Generally identified with Xerxes I (485–464 b.c.) (this was the Ahasuerus who reigned over one hundred and twenty-seven provinces, from India to Ethiopia),

2in those days when King Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which was in Shushan1:2 Or Susa the 1:2 Or fortified palace, and so elsewhere in the bookcitadel,

3that in the third year of his reign he made a feast for all his officials and servants—the powers of Persia and Media, the nobles, and the princes of the provinces being before him—

4when he showed the riches of his glorious kingdom and the splendor of his excellent majesty for many days, one hundred and eighty days in all.

5And when these days were completed, the king made a feast lasting seven days for all the people who were present in 1:5 Or SusaShushan the 1:5 palacecitadel, from great to small, in the court of the garden of the king’s palace.

6There were white and blue linen curtains fastened with cords of fine linen and purple on silver rods and marble pillars; and the couches were of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of alabaster, turquoise, and white and black marble.

7And they served drinks in golden vessels, each vessel being different from the other, with royal wine in abundance, according to the 1:7 Lit. handgenerosity of the king.

8In accordance with the law, the drinking was not compulsory; for so the king had ordered all the officers of his household, that they should do according to each man’s pleasure.

9Queen Vashti also made a feast for the women in the royal palace which belonged to King Ahasuerus.

10On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine, he commanded Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcas, seven eunuchs who served in the presence of King Ahasuerus,

11to bring Queen Vashti before the king, wearing her royal crown, in order to show her beauty to the people and the officials, for she was beautiful to behold.

12But Queen Vashti refused to come at the king’s command brought by his eunuchs; therefore the king was furious, and his anger burned within him.

13Then the king said to the wise men who understood the times (for this was the king’s manner toward all who knew law and justice,

14those closest to him being Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, who had access to the king’s presence, and who 1:14 Lit. sat in first placeranked highest in the kingdom):

15“What shall we do to Queen Vashti, according to law, because she did not obey the command of King Ahasuerus brought to her by the eunuchs?”

16And Memucan answered before the king and the princes: “Queen Vashti has not only wronged the king, but also all the princes, and all the people who are in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus.

17For the queen’s behavior will become known to all women, so that they will despise their husbands in their eyes, when they report, ‘King Ahasuerus commanded Queen Vashti to be brought in before him, but she did not come.’

18This very day the noble ladies of Persia and Media will say to all the king’s officials that they have heard of the behavior of the queen. Thus there will be excessive contempt and wrath.

19If it pleases the king, let a royal 1:19 Lit. worddecree go out from him, and let it be recorded in the laws of the Persians and the Medes, so that it will not 1:19 pass awaybe altered, that Vashti shall come no more before King Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal position to another who is better than she.

20When the king’s decree which he will make is proclaimed throughout all his empire (for it is great), all wives will honor their husbands, both great and small.”

21And the reply pleased the king and the princes, and the king did according to the word of Memucan.

22Then he sent letters to all the king’s provinces, to each province in its own script, and to every people in their own language, that each man should be master in his own house, and speak in the language of his own people.